Moisture Distribution and Migration of Preserved Strawberries During Hot Air Drying at Constant and Gradient Temperature

HE Rongrong; NIU Liying; LI Dajing; HU Lili; WANG Rui; ZHANG Zhongyuan; LIU Chunju; XIAO Yadong; NIE Meimei; XIAO Lixia

doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100090

Volume 44 Issue 16

Aug. 2023

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Science and Technology of Food Industry > 2023 > 44(16): 51-58. > DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100090

HE Rongrong, NIU Liying, LI Dajing, et al. Moisture Distribution and Migration of Preserved Strawberries During Hot Air Drying at Constant and Gradient Temperature[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(16): 51−58. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022100090.

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Moisture Distribution and Migration of Preserved Strawberries During Hot Air Drying at Constant and Gradient Temperature

1.
College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
2.
Institute of Agricultural Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
3.
Bean Source and (Shandong) Food & Beverage Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China

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Received Date: October 11, 2022
Available Online: June 13, 2023

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Abstract

In order to discover the moisture distribution and migration during the drying process of strawberries at constant or gradient temperatures and the effect on the quality of dried strawberries, the strawberries which had experienced osmotic dehydration were dried under constant temperatures (60 °C-12 h, flip it over when dry to 6 h) and gradient temperature (65 °C-2 h, 60 °C-2 h, 55 °C-2 h, flip it over, 65 °C-2 h, 60 °C-2 h, 55 °C-2 h) during hot air drying. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used and the physicochemical (texture, V_C, total phenols) and sensory qualities (flavor, texture, taste, color) of the preserved strawberries obtained by the two drying programs were compared. The results showed that the water content of the dry base of strawberries at both programs decreased with time extending gradually, but the rate of gradient temperature was higher than that of constant temperature drying. From the T₂ inversion spectra and peak areas of LF-NMR, it illustrated that the free water was the main form of water in the osmotically dehydrated strawberries, and there were also a small amount of bound water and immobile water. With the drying procedure proceeded, the T₂ peak of the strawberry gradually decreases, which indicates a decrease in the mobility of the water. However, the total relaxation peak area of constant temperature drying and gradient drying was reduced to 31.3% and 26.4% of the original at the end of the drying programs, which showed that the gradient drying had higher drying efficiency. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the water in strawberries was firstly enriched to the broken tip of the fruit and dispersed, then in the medium of the drying process, the peel took the main position for the water evaporation, and finally some water left in the pith. From the imaging results, the main difference between the two drying programs was that there was an obvious homogeneous wetness phenomenon in the strawberries after 6 h drying i.e. the water was redistributed evenly in the fruit at that time, while this process did not appeared in the gradient drying. In addition, the V_C and total phenolic contents of dried strawberries were significantly higher (P<0.05) using the gradient program than those under constant temperature drying, which were 1.89 and 1.14 times higher (P<0.05). Moreover, significantly lower (P<0.05) values of the viscosity, hardness, and chewiness were obtained by the persevered strawberries. For the sensory scores, the gradient program resulted in considerably better (P<0.05) texture, appearance, taste, and overall ratings for dried strawberries than constant temperature drying which were 31.3%, 41.3%, and 40.2%. Overall, the drying efficiency of step drying was higher and the quality of the dried strawberries obtained was better.
- drying process,
- dried strawberries,
- low field NMR,
- water migration,
- quality comparison

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Science and Technology of Food Industry

Moisture Distribution and Migration of Preserved Strawberries During Hot Air Drying at Constant and Gradient Temperature

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