Biosynthesis Metabolism and Regulation Mechanism of Lutein in Higher Plants

Lutein is a kind of C₄₀ terpenoid compound with the ionone ring systems distributed widely in nature. It is the predominant carotenoid pigment in higher plants to capture the sunlight for photosynthesis of chlorophyll. In addition,lutein plays an important role in the prevention of retinal macular degeneration,cataract,cancer and cardiovascular disease. This paper summarized metabolism pathway,the function and regulation mechanism of key enzymes involoved in lutein synthesis in higher plants. Furthermore,it put forward strategic suggestions on the future exploration directions and research priorities.