Applications of signal transduction engineering and genetic engineering in production of ganoderic acid in submerged culture of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderic acids( GAs) are important bioactive constituents produced by Ganoderma spp.Modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that GAs had extraordinarily pharmacological functions,such as anti- viral,anti- tumor,immuno- modulating effect,etc. Submerged fermentation of G. lucidum is a promising technology for efficient production of GAs. Recent publication about fermentation production of GAs in the last decade,especially the progresses toward signal transduction strategies,induction strategies and genetic engineering were summarized in this paper.Moreover,metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches for efficient production of GAs were also proposed in this paper.