Isolation and identification of spoilage molds from fresh- cut apple and their rot abilities
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摘要: 对引起鲜切苹果腐败的霉菌进行分离鉴定并通过活体实验比较致腐能力。从鲜切苹果中分离13株霉菌,通过形态学鉴定方法分为5个属,其中青霉菌属(Penicillium)7株,曲霉属(Aspergillus)1株,枝孢属(Cladosporium)3株,枝顶孢属(Acremonium)1株,链格孢属(Alternaria)1株。根据青霉菌在CA、CYA、G25N培养基上的特征及镜检观察,将所分离的青霉菌鉴定为5种:皮落青霉(P.crustosum),扩展青霉(P.expansum),米舒青霉(P.miczynskii),橘灰青霉(P.aurantiogriseum),鲜绿青霉(P.viridicatum)。活体实验进行腐败与非腐败霉菌的分类,得到腐败霉菌有5种,分别为鲜绿青霉、扩展青霉、皮落青霉、互隔交链格孢霉(A.alternata)、黑曲霉(A.niger);非腐败霉菌有5种,分别为橘灰青霉、地生枝顶孢(A.terricola)、球孢枝孢(C.sphaerospermum)、枝状枝孢(C.cladosporioides)和米舒青霉。5种腐败霉菌的致腐能力从大到小依次为:皮落青霉、扩展青霉、鲜绿青霉、互隔交链格孢霉、黑曲霉。Abstract: The spoilage molds which caused the corruption of fresh- cut apple were identified,and the rot ability of molds were compared in vivo. 13 Strains of molds were isolated from fresh- cut apples,in which there were 7Penicillium strains,1 Aspergillus strain,3 Cladosporium strains,1 Acremonium strain,and 1 Alternaria strain by morphological character methtods.The different penicillium strains were identified by the cultivation characters and microscopic examination in different medium including CA,CYA,G25 N. The results showed that 5 types of Penicillium were identified, which were P.crustosum, P.expansum, P.miczynskii, P.aurantiogriseum and P.viridicatum.The in vivo experiments were used to determine type of molds spoilage or not. Five spoilage molds were identified,which were P.viridicatum,P.expansum,P.crustosum,A.alternata,and A.niger. And five kinds of molds could not rot apple were indentified as P.aurantiogriseum, A.terricola, C.sphaerospermum,C.cladosporioides,and P.miczynskii. The order of rot ability of 5 spolilage molds was P.crustosum,P.expansum,P.viridicatum,A.alternata,A.niger.
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Keywords:
- fresh-cut apple; /
- spoilage mold; /
- identification; /
- rot ability; /
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